Catherine Montgomery’s long, exciting and ultimately tragic life began in northern Ireland in 1683. She married another Scots-Irish neighbor, James Patrick Calhoun, and began raising a family. When she was 50, she and her husband and children crossed the ocean to America, settling just outside of Philadelphia in 1733. Eight years later her husband died, when Catherine was about 57. Soon, local troubles with Indians (and the French and Indian War), and the offer of free land in Virginia, pushed and pulled the much-larger family southward down the Great Wagon Road into Virginia. The family finally settled in a place of fertile lands along Calhoun Creek in Long Cane in what is now a part of Abbeville County, South Carolina. The settlement, which included many other families, was known as “Calhouns.” This area was on the disputed boundary between the British and Cherokee lands, which created continuing tensions and conflict between the Cherokees and the settlers. One contemporary source wrote what happened:

“They moved in the middle of winter and got there in February 1756. The place for a while was called North and South Forks of Calhoun Creek, where it joined the Little River. They were sixteen miles from the nearest Indian settlement and thought they would be safe there. The morning of January 31, 1760 a messenger came through the little settlement and told them that the Indians were on the warpath and moving toward their area. The afternoon of January 31st and the morning of February 1st were spent loading wagons and getting provisions ready to move out. About noon on February 1st, some 200-250 settlers moved out for Augusta, Georgia, a larger town about 40 miles southeast of their location. They had only gone about 10 miles when in crossing the Long Canes Creek, several wagons got stuck. By the time they had all the wagons across the creek it was dark so they camped for the night. Soon after dark, they were attacked by a band of Cherokee Indians. Some of the settlers escaped by horseback, some on foot, but most of them scattered finding shelter in the trees or whereever they could hide. Mostly women and children were killed as 23 settlers were left dead at the sign of the massacre. The Indians had burned all the wagons and nearly all the goods were stolen. In the group that was killed, Catherine Montgomery Stewart Calhoun was among them. She was 76 years old. A momument to the dead, including Catherine, was erected in the 1790’s by Catherine’s son, Patrick Calhoun. Two small girls, ages 3 and 5 of the Calhoun’s were abducted by the Indians. One eventually returned, but the other was never heard from again.

The following articles appeared in the South-Carolina Gazette: “Yesterday se’night the whole of the Long-Cane Settlers, to the number of 150 souls, moved off with most of their effects in Waggons; to go towards Augusta in Georgia, and in a few hours after their setting off, were surprized and attacked by about 100 Cherkees on horseback, while they were getting their waggons out of a boggy place. They had amongst them 40 gunmen, who might have made a very good defence, but unfortunately their guns were in the waggons; the few that recovered theirs, fought the Indians half an hour, and were at last obliged to fly. In the action they lost 7 waggons, and 40 of their people killed or taken (including women and children) the rest got safe to Augusta whence and express arrived here with the same account on Tuesday morning.” “Canes, who were attacked by the Cherokees on the 1st Instant, as they were removing their wives, children and best effects, to Augusta in Georgia for safety, is just come to town and informs us, ‘That the whole of those settlers might be about 250 souls, 55 or 60 of them fighting men; that their loss in that affair amounted to about 50 persons, chiefly women and children, with 13 loaded waggons and carts; that he had since been at the place where the action happened, in order to bury the dead, and found only 20 of their bodies, most inhumanly butchered; that the Indians had burnt the woods all around, but had left the waggons and carts there empty and unhurt; and that he believes all the fighting men would return to and fortify the Long-Cane Settlement, were part of the rangers so stationed as to give them some assistance and protection.'” “We have no late advices from Fort Prince George, or any consequence from places in that route. But from Fort Moore, we learn, that a gang of about 18 Cherokees, divided into 8 or 4 parties, on the 15th instant, way-laid, killed and scalped Ulric Tobler, Esq.; a Captain of Militia in those parts, as he was riding from his father’s to that fort; and shot Mr. William Calhoon, who was with him, in the hand; 3 other persons, who were in company escaped unhurt; the Indian who killed Captain Tobler, left a hatchet sticking in his neck, on which were 3 old notches, and 3 newly cut.”

For other versions of the story, including photographs, see these articles:

http://www.sciway.net/sc-photos/mccormick-county/long-cane-massacre.html

http://www.next1000.com/family/EC/LongCane.massacre.html

http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/mccormick/S10817733008/

http://www.scnhc.org/story/south-carolina-s-forgotten-landmarks-the-long-cane-massacre

Family History – The Calhouns and Me

James Patrick Calhoun, Sr. (1688-1741) and his wife Catherine Montgomery (1683-1760), my 7^th great grandparents, were born in northern Ireland. Before crossing the ocean to Philadelphia in 1733, they had 5 children – Mary Catherine Calhoun, James Calhoun (1716-1760, my 6^th great grandfather), Patrick Calhoun, Jr., Ezekiel Calhoun and William Calhoun. In 1736 James Calhoun married Susannah Nancy Long (1720-1760, my 6^th great grandmother) a Pennsylvania woman, in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. They had 5 children – Patrick Calhoun (1737-1777, my 5^th great grandfather), James Calhoun (1739-1794), Ezekiel Calhoun (1743-1744), Catherine Calhoun (1750-1803) and William Calhoun (1751-?). Patrick and James were born in Pennsylvania; Ezekiel, Catherine and William were all born in Virginia. This shows that by 1743 or 1744, the Calhoun family had begun the long migration southward along the Great Wagon Road, which led them to what is now Abbeville County, South Carolina. They arrived in 1756. They traveled and settled with other families that became key players in early South Carolina back-country history, including the Pickens and Norris families. James, Catherine and all 5 of their children lived the rest of their lives in South Carolina. My 5^th great grandparents Patrick Calhoun and Sarah McKinley were married in South Carolina in 1767; they had 7 children, of whom their daughter Mary Margaret Calhoun (1770-1852) was my 4^th great grandmother. Of these, Catherine Montgomery Calhoun “the matriarch of the Calhoun clan in South Carolina”), her son James Calhoun, and many other Calhoun relatives, died in the massacre.

The massacre site is located a few miles outside of the small community of Troy in Abbeville County, South Carolina. I visited the site some years ago, and found several tombstones. One of them, erected by my ancestor Patrick Calhoun, reads:

Patk Calhoun, Esq.

In Memory of Mrs. Catherine Calhoun Aged 76 years

Who With 22 Others

Was Here Murdered By the Indians

The First of Feb. 1760

Murder at Christmas

My great uncle Hubert Fisher was brutally murdered on Christmas Eve 1904, although the date of death on his tombstone is Christmas Day. Hubert (whose full name was Eugenius Hubert Fisher, Jr.) was known locally as E. H. Fisher, was single, childless, and one of the wealthiest men in his part of South Carolina. He lived in Salley (Aiken County), South Carolina, a bustling railroad town, and owned and operated a general store that sold everything anybody needed in this agricultural community. He loaned money to many people, sold goods on account to many customers, and bought and sold real estate many times. The letterhead from his mercantile business reads: “E. H. Fisher – Dealer in Wagons, Buggies, Harness, Saddlery, Whips and Lap Robes. Furniture, Hardware and General Merchandise. Heavy Groceries and Fertilizers & Specialty.” In the 1900 census, he gave his occupation as “capitalist.”

This is the only known photograph of Hubert, in what looks to be a store with a wagon or cart in the background:

The Story

The story of the murder and the hunt for Hubert’s killers is told in newspaper coverage of the day —

The State newspaper, December 27, 1905, page 1, column 5, 4:
HUBERT FISHER KILLED BY AN UNKNOWN HAND. Wealthy Aiken County Farmer Shot from a Window

TWO NEGROES IN PENITENTIARY – Christmas Week in South Carolina marked by Various Bloody Tragedies.

Special to The State.Aiken, Dec. 26. Hubert Fisher, a prominent and well to do merchant of Salley, in this county, was shot and killed by unknown parties, supposedly negroes, on the place of Mr. John William Brown, across Edisto River about half way between Aiken and Salley, on Sunday night.
Sheriff Raborn was notified by telegram from Salley and he and Coroner Owens left by private conveyance yesterday. They have not returned as yet. Very little of the details can be learned here. Parties from Salley in Aiken today say that Mr. Fisher was shot by parties unknown while he was attempting to arrest a negro who had a mule that had been stole from him. From these sources it was learned that Mr. Fisher had arrested one negro, who, it was stated, had taken the mule and who told him that the animal was then in the possession of Barney Dunbar, on Mr. Brown’s place. Mr. Fisher and a constable then went in search of Dunbar, found him at his house and arrested him. While Fisher and the negro were arguing about the mule someone inside the house shot Fisher twice with a shotgun. The first shot almost tore his arm off and the second tore his breast open. Mr. Fisher died while he was being carried to his home in Salley shortly after the shooting. The party who did the shooting is said to have escaped. Sheriff Raborn was asked to bring bloodhounds, but there are none here.Mr. Fisher was about 35 years of age. He was unmarried and lived with his mother and a sister. He is reported to be worth about $50,000, having amassed a fortune by hard work and attention to business.

NEGROES IN PENITENTIARY PROTEST THEIR INNOCENCE                The negro Barney Dunbar and his father-in-law, Jim Williams, were brought to Columbia and placed in the penitentiary yesterday morning for safekeeping. They were seen yesterday afternoon and both were asked for a statement. Both of them talked readily and while apparently intensely in earnest, they both talked disconnectedly in telling their side of the story.              The negroes are locked in cells in the prison building. They occupy separate cells in the same tier and are not allowed to hold any communication. It was dark when the reporter stopped at the door of Barney Dunbar’s cell and it was impossible to get a good view of his face.                Dunbar said that he went to his house about 11 o’clock on the night of the shooting and his wife told him that Capt. Black and Mr. Fisher had been there to see him and had left word that they would be back Wednesday morning. Soon after his arrival at his home, Jesse Johnson, a negro “outlaw” as he expressed it, came in with a double barrel shotgun and took a seat. Dunbar said that he had only a slight acquaintance with Johnson. While Johnson was still there Mr. Fisher and Capt. Black returned and placed Barney under arrest, tying his hands with a rope. Mr. Fisher was outside the house and came in at the same moment that the firing commenced and the negro said that it was behind his back and he could not tell who was doing the firing, though he judged from the sound of the weapon that Mr. Fisher shot once. He also thought there must have been several others shooting but said he did not know who they were and if there was anybody else in the house he did not know they were there nor who they were. It was his opinion that the others were outside and opened the windows to shoot. He said that even with his hands tied he managed to get hold of the musale [sic] of a gun which he thinks was Johnson’s but he could not see the man, as he was around a corner of the wall. Capt. Black, he said, also had hold of the same gun with one hand and with the other he reached around the corner, and, placing his pistol almost against the unknown man, fired. Whether the shot took effect or not he did not know.                Dunbar affirmed and reiterated his innocence of any connection with the killing as an accessory or otherwise, and in proof of this he said that when it was seen that Mr. Fisher was growing weak from loss of blood Capt. Black untied Barney and that he hitched his mule to a buggy and went for the doctor three miles away. While on his way to the home of the doctor, Barney says, that five negroes came out of the woods, and in an attempt to stop him they caused the mule to run away, smashing the buggy, throwing him out and dragging him several hundred yards. He could not recognize any of the men and did not know why they wanted to stop him. After he had stopped the mule he mounted and rode the rest of the way and delivered his message to the doctor, after which he returned and, according to his account, aided in ministering to the wounded man.                Dunbar seemed much disturbed by his situation and inquired anxiously as to what would be done with him here and if he would be protected. When assured that he would be, he expressed a devout hope that it might be so.                Jim Williams is much older than Dunbar and is not as smart. He also repeatedly declared his innocence of the entire affair and said that he was at home asleep when the shooting is said to have taken place. Williams lives about three miles from Dunbar and says that he was awakened by Bub Dunbar, a brother of Barney, running excitedly to Williams’ house about 12 o’clock and calling to him to get up, that “they were shooting Barney.”  Williams says that he arose and started to Barney’s house but stopped at the house of a neighbor about half way there and while at this house changed his mind and decided to go by Barney’s house as he was afraid.                Williams is about 46 years of age and Dunbar is about [illegible].

From The State (Columbia, SC) Sunday July 14, 1907, part I, page 2:MIDDLETON NEGRO WAS IDENTIFIED.Suspect Under Arrest Will Be Brought Back and Tried for Salley Murder.
The negro, under arrest at Middletown, N. Y., charged with the murder of E. H. Fisher, a prominent citizen of Salley, in Aiken County, has been positively identified as Fred Dunbar and yesterday afternoon Chief W. H. Davis of Salley, who has worked hard in tracing the negro, left for Albany, N. Y., where he goes with a request for requisition papers.
Dunbar and a negro named Jim Williams killed Mr. Fisher, December 24, 1905. The latter is under sentence of death for the crime and is to be hanged Next Friday, July 19, unless the governor grants a respite, which he now has under consideration.
Dunbar was identified by a former South Carolinian and Chief Davis sent his assistant, Burt Culbertson, to Middletown to look into the case. The telegram settles the matter, and unless Gov. Hughes of New York refuses the requisition, Dunbar will be brought back to this State and tried.
This is the second South Carolina criminal caught within the past few months in Middletown, N. Y., the other being a young white man wanted for forgery in Greenwood county.

from the Washington Herald newspaper (Washington, D.C.) Monday July 29, 1907, page 1, column 4:HOPE TO IDENTIFY NEGRO.                Middletown, N. Y., July 28 – In the effort to identify William Wagner, a colored man, now in the orange County jail, as Fred, alias “Love” Dunbar, the murderer of E. Hubert Fisher, a merchant of Salley, S. C., Mayor George Sawyer, T. K. Livingstone, and W. H. Keel, citizens of Salley, came to Middletown to-day as representatives of Gov. Ansel, of South Carolina. The murder was committed on December 24, 1905.

Hubert’s Family and Me

Hubert was born on either June 11, 1853 (the date on his tombstone) or May of 1856 (according to the 1900 census). and was one of at least 6 children of Eugenius Hubert Fisher, Sr. The 1900 census, taken just 4 years before Hubert’s death, shows him living with his sister Jennie in Salley, SC. The newspaper account of his death says that Hubert was living with his mother and a sister at the time of his death. However, Hubert’s mother (Ada Cooper Henry) had died in West Virginia several years earlier. It is possible that the “mother” in the newspaper story was actually his recently-widowed older sister Bertine.

Hubert died without a will, leaving a very large estate. His estate administration papers on file in Aiken County reveal that he was survived by three sisters – Jennie (who shows up in his household in the 1900 census),  Bertine and Ella, as well as the children of 2 other predeceased siblings. Hubert’s estate was therefore split 6 ways, among the following heirs:

• Bertine Howard Fisher Jeffcoat

• Jennie (Janie) L. Fisher

• Mrs. Ella (Fisher) Corbitt

• Children of  Mrs. Emma S. D. (Fisher) Pickering (predeceased sister)

• Children of Mrs. Maud M. (Fisher) Jordan (predeceased sister)

• Gertrude Gardner, a minor under age 14, who Hubert brought into his household and treated as a family member. The other heirs agreed for Gertrude to have an equal share in Hubert’s estate. Gertrude is listed as “adopted daughter” in the 1900 census listing for Hubert’s household.

My great grandmother Bertine Howard Fisher married Paul Donald Jeffcoat (1847-1895). Together they had 14 children, 13 of whom lived to adulthood. Their 5th child was my grandfather Otis Allen Jeffcoat.

Unanswered questions

My research on Uncle Hubert is ongoing and unfinished. Answers to these questions have so far eluded me:

• How did Hubert, Jennie and Bertine come to live in Aiken County, South Carolina? Evidence to date suggests that they were born and raised in Monongalia County, Virginia (later West Virginia), but the evidence is conflicting. Their parents lived, died and were buried in Monongalia County. However, all  of Hubert’s predeceased siblings left children in Aiken County or nearby counties.
• What happened to the murderers (Fred Dunbar and Jim Williams)? Were they indebted to Hubert?
• When was the railroad serving Salley?
• Would a timeline be helpful?

Hubert’s Tombstone

Many of my ancestors have had their share of troubles and difficult times. These are some of the stories from my family’s past in the South Carolina back-country. Each one of them involves one or more of my ancestors that I’ve learned about while researching my “family tree.” Many of the stories are incomplete because my research is ongoing. If you recognize any names or places, I welcome your comments and suggestions for where I should turn next in my digging, and for how I can make this blog better.

I have about a half dozen stories that are good candidates for this blog. They include:

• Murder — Great uncle Hubert, one of the wealthiest men in his part of the state, who was murdered in the early 1900s. The story made the pages of newspapers in South Carolina and Washington DC.
• Massacre — 7 times great-grandmother Catherine, who (with many of her family) was massacred by angry Cherokees as she and they sought refuge from a violent uprising on the South Carolina frontier.
• Mayhem — Great grandfather Allen, who was active in the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction, and managed to spend time in federal prison for his participation in race-related political violence.
• Migration — A young doctor who moved his family across the Georgia frontier to start a new life.

The scope of the blog may change as I write and learn from your suggestions.

I expect to tell each story as I have it from my research. At the end of each post I plan to have full names and important dates and places, so that other researchers may find the work useful.

I welcome your comments and suggestions!